Clonal structure and genet-level sex ratios suggest different roles of vegetative and sexual reproduction in the clonal moss Hylocomium splendens

Clonal structure and genet-level sex ratios suggest different roles of vegetative and sexual reproduction in the clonal moss Hylocomium splendens

the underlying structure of language proficiency and the proficiency level

هدف از انجام این تخقیق بررسی رابطه احتمالی بین سطح مهارت زبان خارجی (foreign language proficiency) و ساختار مهارت زبان خارجی بود. تعداد 314 زبان آموز مونث و مذکر که عمدتا دانشجویان رشته های زبان انگلیسی در سطوح کارشناسی و کارشناسی ارشد بودند در این تحقیق شرکت کردند. از لحاظ سطح مهارت زبان خارجی شرکت کنندگان بسیار با هم متفاوت بودند، (75 نفر سطح پیشرفته، 113 نفر سطح متوسط، 126 سطح مقدماتی). کلا ...

Simulating the evolution of a clonal trait in plants with sexual and vegetative reproduction

Aims Phenotypic optimality models neglect genetics. However, especially when heterozygous genotypes are fittest, evolving allele, genotype and phenotype frequencies may not correspond to predicted optima. This was not previously addressed for organisms with complex life histories. Methods Therefore, we modelled the evolution of a fitness-relevant trait of clonal plants, stolon internode length....

A New Biflavone and Further Flavonoids from the Moss Hylocomium splendens

Whereas many reports now exist on flavonoids of liverworts only few publications are concerned with the flavonoid pattern of mosses [1—5]. The detection of an apigenin 7-O-rhamnoglucoside from H yloco­ mium splendens was reported [6]. Screening chroma­ tograms of samples of H. splendens collected at about 20 different localities showed however a much richer flavonoid pattern as supposed previou...

Genetic Structure in Dwarf Bamboo (Bashania fangiana) Clonal Populations with Different Genet Ages

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprints were used to reveal genotypic diversity of dwarf bamboo (Bashania fangiana) clonal populations with two different genet ages (≤30 years versus >70 years) at Wolong National Natural Reserve, Sichuan province, China. We generated AFLP fingerprints for 96 leaf samples, collected at 30 m intervals in the two populations, using ten selective...